HS 2nd Year Part B Chapter 3 English
Chapter
3- Politics of Planned Development
1.
What do you mean by Planning? Discuss its importance.
Answer:
In simple words, planning means preparing an organised plan in advance to
complete a particular work properly. Such a planned course of action is called
planning.
Planned
development means development carried out according to a particular plan or
model. In other words, preparing a plan about how and in what way development
should take place is called planned development.
Planning
is very important for the economic development of a country. A country can
achieve overall development through proper and well-organised planning. The
importance of planning is discussed below:
(a)Proper
use of economic resources: Planning helps in the proper use of economic
resources. It focuses on meeting the basic needs of people with limited
resources.
(b)
Fulfilment of basic needs: Planning organises production and distribution in
such a way that the basic needs of all sections of society can be fulfilled.
(c)
Completion of work within a fixed time: Planning helps us to complete specific
tasks within a given period of time.
(d)
Helps social development: Planning helps to solve social problems such as
illiteracy and poverty. Thus, it helps in the overall development of society.
(e)
Balanced economic development: Planning tries to distribute production and
economic benefits more equally among different sections of society. It aims to
achieve economic equality and balanced development.
2.
Explain the composition of the Planning Commission. Mention its main functions.
Answer:
A proposal to form the Planning Commission was accepted at a meeting of the
Congress Working Committee on 25 January 1950. Following this proposal, the
Planning Commission was formed on 15 March 1950.
The
Prime Minister of India was the Chairman of the Planning Commission. It was an
independent body with 4 to 10 members. Under the leadership of these members,
Five-Year Plans were prepared for the overall development of India.
Main
functions of the Planning Commission
(i)
Study of resources: One of the main functions of the Planning Commission was to
study and collect information about the country's resources, such as natural
resources, human resources and capital. It aimed to use these resources
properly for building an economically developed country.
(ii)
Preparation of plans: Another important function was to prepare Five-Year Plans
for the overall development of the country.
(iii)
Implementation of plans: The work of the Planning Commission was not limited to
preparing plans. It also helped in implementing these plans so that ordinary
people could benefit from them.
(iv)
Regional development: At the time of Independence, development was not equal in
all parts of India. The Planning Commission tried to develop relatively
backward regions and maintain regional balance.
(v)
Establishment of social justice: The Planning Commission tried to promote
social equality and justice by fulfilling the basic needs of the people through
planned development.
3.
In which year was the Planning Commission formed?
(HS
2018)
Answer:
The Planning Commission was formed on 15 March 1950.
4.
Which institution has replaced the Planning Commission in India?
(HS
2017)
Answer:
NITI Aayog.
5.
Who is known as the Father of the Green Revolution in India?
(HS
2016)
Answer:
M S Swaminathan
6.
Who is known as the Milkman of India?
(HS
2013)
Answer:
Verghese Kurien.
7.
What was the Bombay Plan?
(HS
2012)
Answer:
In 1944, some industrialists met in Bombay and prepared a joint proposal for
establishing a planned economy in India. This proposal came to be known as the
Bombay Plan.
8.
In which year did the First Five-Year Plan begin?
(HS
2012)
Answer:
The First Five-Year Plan began in 1951.
9.
Mention two objectives of planning.
(HS
2013, 2015)
Answer:
- To improve the standard of living of
the people.
- To make proper use of resources and
time.
10.
What is a mixed economy?
Answer:
A mixed economy is an economic system in which both the government sector and
the private sector are given importance.
11.
What is meant by the White Revolution?
Answer:
The changes or development related to milk and milk products are called the
White Revolution or Milk Revolution.
12.
Name two states that benefited from the Green Revolution.
Answer:
- Punjab
- Haryana
13.
In which state and when did the White Revolution take place?
Answer:
The White Revolution took place in Gujarat during the 1970s.
14.
Discuss the role of the Planning Commission. What organisation was formed in
its place?
(HS
2019)
Answer:
The Planning Commission played an important role in the development of India.
Its major roles were:
(a)
It prepared necessary plans for the development of the country.
(b)
It played an important role in the development and proper use of the country's
material resources, capital and human resources.
(c)
It played an important role in fulfilling the basic needs of people belonging
to different sections of Indian society.
(d)
It helped the government to deal with problems such as illiteracy, poverty and
other social problems.
The
organisation formed in place of the Planning Commission is NITI Aayog.
15.
Describe the debate between industrial development and agricultural development
during the Second Five-Year Plan.
(HS
2018, 2020)
Answer:
During the Second Five-Year Plan, there was a debate among planners about
whether India should give more importance to industrial development or
agricultural development.
Some
planners supported industrialisation. They argued that India had rich natural
and human resources and was suitable for industrial development.
On
the other hand, some planners argued that India was mainly an agricultural
country and agriculture could not be neglected. Therefore, greater importance
should be given to the agricultural sector.
Thus,
a debate developed between the supporters of industrial development and
agricultural development.
16.
Discuss the objectives of planning in India.
(HS
2016)
Answer:
The main objectives of planning in India were:
- To improve the standard of living of
the people.
- To make proper and efficient use of
the country's resources.
- To ensure balanced development of all
states and regions of India.
- To increase national income and
promote economic development.
- To reduce economic inequality and
establish social justice.
17.
Write two positive and two negative effects of the Green Revolution.
(HS
2023)
Answer:
Two
positive effects:
- Increase in agricultural production.
- Increase in exports.
Two
negative effects:
- The Green Revolution led to a
concentration of a large share of wealth in the hands of the rich sections
of rural society.
- It led to a decline in the quality of
soil.
18.
What is meant by planned development? Discuss the role of the Planning
Commission in the development of India.
(HS
2022, 2018, 2016, 2012)
Answer:
Planned
development means a model of development in which a plan is prepared about how
and in what way development should take place.
The
Planning Commission played an important role in India's development. Its major
roles were:
(i)
It adopted different strategies needed for India's development and contributed
to building a developed India.
(ii)
It played an important role in finding ways to solve problems such as
unemployment, poverty and famine.
(iii)
It prepared Five-Year Plans and Annual Plans for the modernisation of India and
the development of agriculture and industry.
(iv)
It gave importance to national growth and improvement in the standard of living
for the socio-economic development of India.
Thus,
the Planning Commission played an important role in the development of India.
19.
Discuss the major debates related to planned development after Independence.
(HS
2013, 2015, 2017)
Answer:
After Independence, several debates took place among planners about planned
development. The major debates were:
(i)
Agriculture versus Industry
During
the Second Five-Year Plan, there was a debate about whether India should give
more importance to agriculture or industry.
The
main issue was that even if India gave importance to industrial development,
the agricultural sector should not be neglected.
(ii)
Public Sector versus Private Sector
India
adopted a mixed economy, giving importance to both the public and private
sectors.
However,
some planners criticised the government for not providing enough opportunities
and facilities to the private sector. They argued that the government was
giving more importance to the public sector than necessary. This led to a
debate between the supporters of the public and private sectors.
(iii)
Centralised Planning versus Public Participation
The
Planning Commission did not include people from all regions of India. This
created dissatisfaction among people and led to a debate about the need for
greater public participation in planning.
20.
What is meant by the Green Revolution? Write its results.
(HS
2014, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2020)
Answer:
In the 1960s, India faced a serious food shortage and had to depend on the
United States for food. The United States began to use this situation to
influence India's policies.
India
therefore decided to become self-reliant in food production and introduced new
methods in agriculture.
From
the middle of the 1960s, traditional farming methods were gradually replaced by
modern technology, improved seeds, fertilisers and irrigation. This major
change in agriculture is known as the Green Revolution.
Norman
Borlaug is known as the Father of the Green Revolution.
Results
of the Green Revolution
(i)
Land reforms and the modernisation of agriculture benefited many middle-level
farmers.
(ii)
The government tried to reduce the economic gap between rich and poor farmers.
(iii)
The Green Revolution helped the Indian National Congress regain popularity as a
political party.
(iv)
India became self-sufficient in the production of agricultural products. It was
particularly successful in the production of rice and wheat.
These
were the major results of the Green Revolution.
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